Your class notes carry one line against both the 17th and the 18th session: what was taught in the class will not come in the exam, and the topic named is the present perfect.

So treat this unit as optional. Two reasons to do it anyway: the group assignment asks you to describe past work experience with this tense, and it is standard A1 material.

Check with the professor before revising it for the paper.

English: I have spoken. Spanish: he hablado, built the same way.

he · has · ha · hemos · habeis · han + participle

Participles: -ar becomes -ado (hablado), -er and -ir become -ido (comido, vivido). The participle never changes for gender or number here.

The trap: nothing may sit between the two parts. He nunca visto is wrong; it is nunca he visto. And the pronoun goes in front of both: me he duchado.

hacer → hecho · decir → dicho · ver → visto · escribir → escrito · poner → puesto · volver → vuelto

Also abrir → abierto and ir → ido, which is regular after all.

The trap: hecho has no h-a: it is not hacido. These six cover almost every irregular participle you will meet at A1.

English collapses two ideas into one word. Spanish does not.

saber + infinitive = to know how to, a learned skill. Se conducir. I can drive.

poder + infinitive = to be able to right now. Hoy no puedo conducir. I cannot drive today.

The trap: a CV or a cover letter wants se, not puedo: Se hablar ingles, espanol e hindi.