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Sem 5 Prep
← Money & BankingMutual funds

Formulas for this chapter

Net asset value

NAV = (Market value of assets - Portfolio liabilities) / Units outstanding Value of a holding = units held x NAV

Every mutual fund numerical. Net the liabilities off the assets before dividing. Assets include investments, money market instruments, cash and receivables; liabilities include expenses payable, management fees and accrued liabilities.

units outstanding
Total units issued to all investors on that date

Costs, loads and compounding

Amount invested = investment x (1 - front-end load) Net return = gross return - operating expense ratio Ending value = amount invested x (1 + net return)^n After-tax net return = (gross - OER) x (1 - tax rate)

Cost questions. Deduct the load once, at the start, and the expense ratio every year. Never subtract the expense ratio from the ending value: it compounds against you.

OER
Operating expense ratio, 0.2% to 2% of average net assets
n
Number of years held

SIP average cost

Units in a month = monthly amount / NAV that month Average cost per unit = total invested / total units

Any SIP question. The average cost is always at or below the simple average of the NAVs, because a fixed rupee amount buys more units at a low NAV. Averaging the NAVs is the error to avoid.

monthly amount
The fixed rupee instalment, invested on the stated date each period

AMC requirements

Seed capital = min(1% of amount raised, Rs 50 lakh) Net worth >= Rs 50 crore at all times Independent directors >= 50% of the board

Questions on the SEBI structure. Compute the 1% first, then apply the ₹50 lakh cap, which binds for any scheme raising more than ₹50 crore.

amount raised
Money collected in all open-ended schemes of the fund
Step 2 of 37
The real wordsTheory

The definition to write in the exam

Mutual fundAn investment company that issues its portfolio shares to investors. Money from shareholders is pooled and invested in a wide range of stocks, bonds or money market securities, managed by professional managers.

And the sentence about who bears what: each investor shares proportionately in the income and investment gains and losses, as well as the brokerage expenses and management fees.

SEBI's own wording adds the legal form: a common pool of funds invested in accordance with the objectives, held in a trust of which the investors alone are the joint beneficial owners.

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