Open Economy Macroeconomics
2 credits · 21 chapters · 90 flashcards
Pre mid-sem
- What an open economy isNot startedThe definition, the three channels that connect a country to the rest of the world, and why foreign exchange has to exist at all. · 30 min · 23 steps · Session 1Quiz: 6 questions, 70% to pass
- The balance of payments, Indian styleNot startedWhat the balance of payments records, the two accounts and their components, and the identity that ties the whole statement to the reserve position. · 40 min · 23 steps · Sessions 1-2Quiz: 6 questions, 70% to pass
- Double-entry balance of payments accountingNot startedCredits, debits, and why every international transaction is written down twice; then the three accounting balances and the summation that produces the balance of payments. · 45 min · 26 steps · Sessions 2-3Quiz: 6 questions, 70% to pass
- Reading a BoP statement and the investment positionNot startedThree warnings the professors give before you interpret any external data, and the difference between a flow of payments and a stock of claims. · 35 min · 22 steps · Session 3Quiz: 6 questions, 70% to pass
- What the foreign exchange market doesNot startedThe market, its three functions, the four levels of participant, and exactly which transactions create demand for foreign exchange and which create supply. · 35 min · 22 steps · Session 4Quiz: 6 questions, 70% to pass
- Exchange rate systems, cross rates and arbitrageNot startedWhat R actually means, how the three regimes handle the same disequilibrium, and the two calculations the class does with quotes: cross rates and arbitrage profit. · 45 min · 23 steps · Sessions 4-5Quiz: 6 questions, 70% to pass
- Spot, forward, swaps, futures and optionsNot startedThe five instruments of the foreign exchange market, the forward discount and premium formula, and how to tell futures from forwards and options from both. · 45 min · 25 steps · Session 5Quiz: 6 questions, 70% to pass
- Hedging, speculation and interest arbitrageNot startedThe three things people do with foreign exchange risk: avoid it, take it deliberately, or profit from an interest differential with the risk covered. · 45 min · 25 steps · Session 6Quiz: 6 questions, 70% to pass
- Price adjustment, Marshall-Lerner and the J-curveNot startedWhen a cheaper currency fixes a trade deficit and when it makes it worse: the elasticity condition, the time path, and why the price the buyer sees may never change at all. · 1 h 10 min · 40 steps · Sessions 7-9Quiz: 6 questions, 70% to pass
Post mid-sem
- Income determination in a closed economyNot startedThe Keynesian machine you need before opening the economy: consumption, saving, the equilibrium level of income and the multiplier. · 40 min · 24 steps · Session 10Quiz: 6 questions, 70% to pass
- Income determination in a small open economyNot startedBolt exports and imports onto the Keynesian machine: two injections, two leakages, and a multiplier that shrinks. · 45 min · 24 steps · Sessions 10-11Quiz: 6 questions, 70% to pass
- Foreign repercussionsNot startedDrop the word small: your imports are their exports, their income answers back, and the multiplier changes again. · 45 min · 24 steps · Sessions 11-12Quiz: 6 questions, 70% to pass
- The absorption approachNot startedWhere price and income adjustment finally meet: a depreciation improves the trade balance only if output rises or spending falls. · 45 min · 24 steps · Session 12Quiz: 6 questions, 70% to pass
- Internal and external balanceNot startedTwo targets, two families of instrument, and the diagram that shows why hitting one can wreck the other. · 45 min · 25 steps · Session 13Quiz: 6 questions, 70% to pass
- The Mundell-Fleming model with fixed exchange ratesNot startedThree markets, three curves, two instruments: how fiscal and monetary policy together reach full employment and external balance without touching the exchange rate. · 55 min · 28 steps · Session 13Quiz: 6 questions, 70% to pass
- Flexible rates, the policy mix and direct controlsNot startedUnfix the exchange rate and the conclusion inverts: monetary policy becomes the strong tool. Then the assignment rule, and what to do when neither tool is enough. · 55 min · 29 steps · Session 14Quiz: 6 questions, 70% to pass
- What an international monetary system isNot startedThe rules of the game between nations, the two ways of classifying them, and the three tests every system has to pass. · 35 min · 22 steps · Session 15Quiz: 6 questions, 70% to pass
- The gold standard and the interwar yearsNot startedHow a fixed rate that nobody enforced worked for thirty-four years, and why putting it back together after 1918 destroyed world trade. · 50 min · 26 steps · Sessions 15-16Quiz: 6 questions, 70% to pass
- Bretton Woods and its collapseNot startedThe system that ran the postwar world: how it was built, what the IMF could lend, and the arithmetic that guaranteed it would end. · 55 min · 27 steps · Sessions 16-17Quiz: 6 questions, 70% to pass
- The present international monetary systemNot startedManaged floats since 1973, what counts as a reserve now, what the IMF demands in return for money, and the four problems nobody has solved. · 45 min · 26 steps · Sessions 17-18Quiz: 6 questions, 70% to pass
- Current international economic problemsNot startedThe five open problems, the anatomy of an emerging market crisis, and how to take a news article apart using everything in this course. · 45 min · 25 steps · Sessions 19-20Quiz: 6 questions, 70% to pass
Assessment
| Component | Weight | Note |
|---|---|---|
| Mid-Trimester Exam | 25% | Sessions 1-9: balance of payments, foreign exchange markets and exchange rates, price adjustment. |
| End-Trimester Exam | 30% | Sessions 10-20: income adjustment, adjustment policies, the international monetary system past and present, current crises. |
| Individual Assignment and PPT | 15% | PLO 4. Announced in session 12, due in session 20. Sessions 19-20 are delivered as a report or news article, so applied commentary on a current event is part of the assessment. |
| Class Participation | 15% | |
| Quiz | 15% | Announced in session 15, held in session 17. The nine multiple-choice questions the professor added to the end of the Chapter 14 deck show the format: single best answer, conceptual. |
What the exam looks like
Salvatore-shaped written papers: explain the mechanism, draw and label the diagram, work the double entry, state the condition. Expect the Swan diagram, the IS-LM-BP diagram, the J-curve, the stable and unstable foreign exchange market diagrams and the income-determination diagrams as draw-and-explain questions, so practise describing each one in words: axes, the slope of every curve with its reason, the equilibrium, then the shift.
The quiz is single-best-answer conceptual multiple choice. The nine questions at the end of the Chapter 14 deck are the model, and they cover the primary function of the foreign exchange market, which transaction supplies foreign currency, what a rising domestic price of foreign currency means, the spot and forward rates, arbitrage, options, covered interest arbitrage and currency swaps.
Numericals are light but real: balance of payments double entry, the forward premium formula, the Marshall-Lerner condition, the two multipliers and the absorption identity. Section B's professor calls the mid-sem attachments "PPTs and numericals", which is the only direct evidence either section produced that numericals are examined, so treat the problem sheets as examinable.
Class participation and the assignment together carry 30 per cent, as much as the end-sem, and sessions 19 to 20 are delivered as a report or news article. Applied commentary on a current event is therefore assessed, and the five-question method in the last chapter is built for it.
What the professor expects
Verbatim from the outline: students should adhere to the academic norms of the institute and should be ready for any surprise evaluation. Plagiarism and unethical behaviour will not be encouraged.
Learning hours are 40 against 20 contact hours, so the professors expect roughly two hours of Salvatore reading per session, before the session. Section B's professor adds the instruction to refer to the prescribed book for more than the slides contain.
Books
- Salvatore, D. & Sharma, C. (2021). International Economics: An Indian Adaptation, 13th edition, Wiley Publication (prescribed; the Drive copy is the 11th edition, which is also the edition the slide decks are built from)
- Froyen, R. T. (2013). Macroeconomics, Pearson Higher Ed (reference)